[分享] 球探主管:80%多明尼加小球員被餵禁藥
https://reurl.cc/N2yAR6
Latin America's pipeline of young, promising baseball players has long drawn the
attention of major league teams and their money, creating a system of stars but
also of widespread corruption. Many now believe the system has become unsustain
able. Change, in some form, is necessary. Preliminary talks about Major League B
aseball's next collective bargaining agreement are expected to take place this m
onth, and one of the biggest debates -- aside from the merits of a salary cap --
will center on reforming an international market riddled by age fraud, steroid
use and illegal handshake agreements made with players at increasingly younger a
ges.
拉丁美洲源源不絕的年輕潛力棒球員,長期以來吸引了大聯盟球隊與資金的挹注,形成了一
套既能培養球星、卻也充斥廣泛腐敗的體系,如今許多人認為這套制度已難以維持,某種形
式的改革勢在必行
本月預計將展開下一份大聯盟勞資協議的初步談判,而其中最具爭議的議題之一——除了薪
資上限的利弊之外——將聚焦於改革這個充滿年齡造假、類固醇使用,以及與年齡越來越小
的球員私下達成非法口頭協議的國際市場
MLB officials believe the only solution is an international draft, which, the th
inking goes, would stop the free-for-all in which people affiliated with teams a
pproach handlers and street agents and offer them money to steer players to thei
r clubs. Prominent members of the MLB Players Association counter that the best
recourse is stricter enforcement of those illegal agreements, and that the issue
s have escalated largely because the league has failed to consistently punish wr
ongdoers.
大聯盟官員認為唯一的解方是設立國際選秀,他們的邏輯是這將終止目前這種混亂局面——
球隊相關人士四處接觸經紀人與街頭掮客,出錢讓他們把球員導向自家球隊,相對地大聯盟
球員工會的重要成員則反駁,最佳對策是更嚴格地執行對這些非法協議的規範,並指出問題
之所以惡化,很大程度是因為聯盟未能持續懲處違規者
"Everything is messy," a team executive who has spent years scouting in the Domi
nican Republic said. "It's messy because we're making it messy, because we won't
f---ing regulate it, and it just keeps going and going.
「一切都亂成一團」一位在多明尼加長年從事球探工作的球隊高層表示
「會這麼亂,是因為我們自己讓它變亂,因為我們他X的不去監管,然後事情就這樣不斷惡
化下去」
OF THE 948 players on Opening Day rosters this season, 153 hailed from the Domin
ican Republic and Venezuela, two counries that consistently produce the most fo
reign-born talent in the major leagues. Almost all of them arrived there through
the international system, most notably Juan Soto, Ronald Acuña Jr., Vladimir G
uerrero Jr. and Fernando Tatis Jr. -- four stars who have collected 17 All-Star
appearances and are now on contracts worth a combined $1.7 billion. Between 2018
and 2019, Soto, Acuña, Guerrero and Tatis emerged in the major leagues after b
eing plucked out of the Dominican Republic and Venezuela as teenagers, originall
y agreeing to deals ranging from $100,000 to $3.9 million.
本季開幕日名單中的948名球員中,有153人來自多明尼加與委內瑞拉,這兩個國家長期以來
持續為大聯盟輸出最多的外籍人才,他們幾乎全都是透過國際業餘簽約體系進入大聯盟,其
中最具代表性的包括Juan Soto、Ronald Acuna Jr.、Vladimir Guerrero Jr.與Fernando T
atis Jr.——這四位球星累積了17次明星賽入選,目前合約總值高達17億美元
2018至2019年間,Soto、Acuna、Guerrero與Tatis在青少年時期被從多明尼加與委內瑞拉挖
掘,簽下10萬至390萬美元不等的合約後,陸續在大聯盟嶄露頭角
Their success made the race to identify the next crop of Latino stars fiercer, a
t a time when international-bonus-pool limits allowed teams to project how much
money would be available to them several years in advance. The early deals that
trigger a litany of other problems escalated because of it.
他們的成功,使得尋找下一批拉丁球星的競爭更加激烈;同時國際簽約金池的限制也讓球隊
可以提前數年預測可動用的資金規模,在這樣的背景下,這些過早達成的協議所引發的一連
串問題也隨之加劇
International prospects can't officially sign until they turn 16, but major leag
ue teams have been striking illegal handshake deals with players -- known locall
y as pre-acuerdos, or pre-deals -- at increasingly younger ages, currently as ea
rly as 11 years old, multiple sources throughout the industry told ESPN.
國際新秀必須年滿16歲才能正式簽約,但據業界多方消息來源向ESPN透露,大聯盟球隊早已
與球員在越來越年幼的階段達成非法口頭協議——當地稱為pre-acuerdos(預先協議)——
如今甚至早至11歲就開始出現
Said one longtime scout: "How can you possibly project a 12-year-old?"
一名資深球探表示:「你怎麼可能去預測一個12歲的小孩?」
"The industry is moving too fast," said Jonathan Peralta, an attorney who repres
ents amateur players in the Dominican Republic, "but it's moving too fast for ev
erybody."
代表多明尼加業餘球員的律師Jonathan Peralta表示:「這個產業發展得太快了,而且是對
所有人來說都太快了」
Foreign players are about three times less likely to reach the majors than those
who come through the domestic draft, according to data maintained by a longtime
international scouting director. But the sheer volume of players who can be sig
ned at bargain rates, and the massive windfall when even one of them hits, has p
rompted teams to beef up their scouting staffs, erect sprawling academies and, a
ccording to sources, attempt to lock players in with verbal agreements long befo
re they're eligible to obtain contracts.
根據一位資深國際球探主管的數據,外籍球員晉升大聯盟的機率大約只有本土選秀球員的三
分之一,然而由於可以以低廉價格簽下大量球員,一旦其中有人成功便能帶來巨大回報,促
使各球隊擴編球探團隊、興建大型訓練學院,並據消息指出,試圖在球員具備正式簽約資格
之前,就以口頭協議將其鎖定
"It's straight lunacy," said Junior Noboa, executive director of the Dominican R
epublic's baseball commissioner's office. "I spent almost 30 years signing playe
rs. Never did I think you'd start seeing 12-, 13-year-old kids signing."
多明尼加棒球專員辦公室執行長Junior Noboa表示:「這根本是瘋狂至極,我花了將近30年
簽球員,從沒想過會看到12、13歲的小孩就開始被簽下。」
Buscones -- a colloquial term for those who identify players, train them, then e
ventually act as intermediaries with major league teams -- have been operating i
n the Dominican Republic since the 1970s. Up until about 2012, the process of ac
quiring international amateurs -- those who don't hail from the United States, C
anada or Puerto Rico, and thus are not subject to the domestic draft -- was wide
ly described as a "free-for-all," with no restrictions on money and scant knowle
dge about how to either scout players or verify their identities.
「Buscones」——這是一個俗稱,指的是那些負責發掘球員、培訓他們,並最終在球員與大
聯盟球隊之間充當仲介的人——自1970年代起便在多明尼加運作,直到約2012年為止,簽下
國際業餘球員(亦即來自美國、加拿大或波多黎各以外、因此不受本土選秀制度約束的球員
)的過程,普遍被形容為「毫無規範的混戰」,資金沒有任何限制,對於如何評估球員或核
實其身分的知識也極為有限
Signing bonus pools were first introduced that year, providing teams with an all
otment of cash -- starting with $2.9 million in 2012 and rising as high as $8.04
million in 2026 -- that could only be used on international talent. The pools b
rought -- in theory, at least -- structure. Hard caps, introduced in 2017, broug
ht predictability, allowing teams to accurately project how much money they woul
d be allowed to spend several years in advance.
簽約金池制度於2012首次引入,為各球隊提供一筆專門用於國際球員的資金額度——從2012
年的290萬美元,增加到2026年的最高804萬美元,理論上這些資金池帶來了制度化的架構,
2017年引入的硬性上限則帶來了可預測性,使球隊能夠提前數年準確預估可支出的金額
Now, sources said, the corruption is often too deep-seated to track.
然而據消息人士表示,如今的腐敗往往已根深蒂固,難以追查
As laid out by an MLB front office executive with extensive experience in Latin
America, it begins when a buscón finds a prospective player at around the age o
f 10, sometimes even younger, and essentially shops him to different academies.
Tools need to be developed quickly, which is where steroids or falsified birth c
ertificates -- or both -- can come in. The trainer from the academy needs money
to cover the cost of developing the player, which brings loan sharks into the eq
uation. Those loan sharks, sources confirmed to ESPN, take up to an additional 2
0% of an eventual signing bonus from the player's family, on top of the 30% to 5
0% that goes to the trainer.
根據一位在拉丁美洲擁有豐富經驗的大聯盟球團高層說明,這個流程從一名buscón在球員
約10歲——有時甚至更小——時發現他開始,並將其「推銷」給不同的訓練學院,球員的能
力需要迅速培養,這時就可能涉及類固醇或偽造出生證明——甚至兩者兼具
學院的訓練師需要資金來負擔培養球員的成本,於是地下放貸者也介入其中,消息人士向ES
PN證實,這些放貸者會從球員家庭最終獲得的簽約金中再抽取最高20%,而訓練師本身則已
經拿走30%到50%
Because of the widening gap in age -- not to mention talent -- between when pre-
deals are struck and when players can officially sign, the team deals have becom
e harder to make stick, sources with knowledge of the transactions said. Even wh
en players develop as expected, teams often pull out because a medical concern p
opped up in a physical; or because their front office turned over, prompting a c
hange of heart; or because their signing bonus pools wound up lower, either thro
ugh signing a free agent tied to a qualifying offer or exceeding the luxury tax
threshold.
由於預先協議達成時與球員正式簽約之間的年齡差距(更不用說實力差距)不斷擴大,據熟
悉交易情況的消息人士表示,球隊與球員之間的協議也變得更難維持
即使球員如預期成長,球隊仍常因為體檢出現醫療疑慮而退出;或因球團高層更迭而改變決
定;或因簽約金池縮減——例如簽下附帶QO的自由球員,或超過豪華稅門檻——而撤回承諾
Often, though, the reason is much simpler -- to exert leverage in an effort to t
rim signing bonuses.
然而更多時候原因其實更簡單——為了施加壓力,試圖壓低簽約金
"They're like cockfighting owners," one trainer said. "The only difference is co
ckfighting owners stay true to their word."
一名訓練師表示:「他們就像鬥雞場的老闆,唯一的差別是,鬥雞老闆還會守信用」
When teams pull out weeks or even days before signing day, a litany of issues fo
llow: Trainers lose money and are often forced to close academies because of unp
aid debts. Parents owe loan sharks money they can't pay back. Kids are recycled
into the following year's signing class, by which point many are deemed too old.
當球隊在簽約日前幾週甚至幾天突然取消協議時,隨之而來的是一連串問題:訓練師蒙受損
失,常因債務無法償還而被迫關閉學院;家長欠下無力償還的高利貸;孩子被重新歸入隔年
的簽約名單,但到那時往往已被認定年紀過大
Teams have been pulling out of agreements more frequently in recent years, numer
ous agents and trainers have said -- a practice that three years ago triggered a
lawsuit against the Los Angeles Angels by two teenage prospects in the Dominica
n Republic. But team officials allege that trainers are gaming the system, too,
shopping players to other clubs despite preexisting agreements in an attempt to
get more money. A prominent example occurred in January 2025, when Roki Sasaki s
igned with the Los Angeles Dodgers and several Dominican and Venezuelan players
jumped to other teams that suddenly had unused pool space previously earmarked f
or the Japanese pitcher, according to sources.
多位經紀人與訓練師表示,近年來球隊更頻繁地毀約——這種做法在三年前曾引發兩名多明
尼加青少年球員對洛杉磯天使隊提起訴訟,不過球隊方面則指控訓練師也在鑽制度漏洞,儘
管已有既定協議,仍將球員轉介給其他球隊以爭取更高價碼
據消息指出,一個顯著案例發生在2025年1月,當佐佐木朗希與洛杉磯道奇簽約後,多名原
本已談妥的多明尼加與委內瑞拉球員轉投其他球隊,因為那些球隊突然多出了原本預留給這
位日本投手的簽約金空間
"The level of trust has almost evaporated," another high-ranking team executive
said. "On both sides."
另一位球隊高層表示:「信任幾乎已經蒸發了,而且是雙方皆然」
That mistrust has become a major part of what promises to be a bitter labor figh
t.
這種不信任,已成為預料將十分激烈的勞資對抗中的關鍵因素之一
MLB has long been pushing for an international draft, selling it as the only way
to truly eliminate pre-deals, but the MLBPA continues to stress that better sol
utions exist -- mainly, by punishing the teams that engage in wrongdoing under t
he current system.
大聯盟長期推動設立國際球員選秀,並將其宣稱為徹底消除預先協議的唯一方法;然而球員
工會持續強調,仍有更好的解決方案——主要是對現行制度下違規的球隊進行懲處
MLB persuaded the union to engage in talks on an international draft for the fir
st time during bargaining sessions in the spring and summer of 2022. The two sid
es had until July 25 of that year to agree on what amounted to a swap -- an inte
rnational draft for the abolishment of the qualifying-offer system, which has of
ten suppressed free agent salaries. But the deadline came and went without an ag
reement. Three years later, while addressing the media during spring training in
February 2025, MLB commissioner Rob Manfred once again voiced his support for a
draft, touting its "transparency."
大聯盟在2022年的勞資談判中,首次說服工會就國際選秀展開討論,雙方當時須在該年7月2
5日前達成一項類似交換的協議——以國際選秀換取取消合格報價制度(該制度經常壓低自
由球員薪資)
然而期限過去,仍未達成共識,三年後,2025年2月春訓期間,大聯盟主席Rob Manfred再次
向媒體表達對選秀制度的支持,並強調其「透明性」
"The inability to make secret deals because you don't know who's going to draft
whom is really the best systemic approach to this problem of rules violations wh
en they get to the signing market," Manfred said then.
Manfred當時表示:「由於你無法預先知道誰會選中誰,因此也就無法進行秘密交易,這才
是從制度上解決進入簽約市場時違規問題的最佳方式」
Opponents of an international draft are quick to identify a litany of potential
issues associated with one, ranging from dwindling opportunities -- MLB's last d
raft proposal was capped at 20 rounds, with those not selected restricted to $20
,000 bonuses -- to varying conditions among baseball-playing countries and, in c
ontrast to Manfred's point, the likelihood of kickbacks between scouts and train
ers continuing to corrupt the process. Some -- not just union officials, but als
o prominent agents and trainers -- still believe the current system can be salva
ged if policed better. The most cynical believe the league has let it rot by all
owing teams to continually strike pre-deals, forcing a draft to become the only
option.
反對國際選秀的人迅速指出其可能帶來的一系列問題,包括機會減少——大聯盟上一份國際
球員選秀提案限制為20輪,未被選中的球員簽約獎金僅為2萬美元——以及不同棒球國家條
件的差異;與Manfred的觀點相反,他們認為球探與訓練師之間仍可能存在回扣,繼續腐蝕
流程
有些人——不僅是工會官員,也包括知名經紀人與訓練師——仍相信如果管理得當,現行制
度還是可以挽救,最悲觀者則認為,聯盟放任球隊持續達成預先協議,才導致選秀成為唯一
選項,使制度腐壞至今
"Let's be clear -- the disorder that we have in the international market isn't s
imply the responsibility of the trainers, like MLB wants everyone to believe," o
ne prominent Dominican trainer said. "They have on their hands, with draft or no
draft, a way to improve this system. The disloyalty in the game is in their han
ds, not ours, because they're the ones that implement the rules."
一位知名多明尼加訓練師表示:「我們要說清楚——國際市場的混亂並非單單是訓練師的責
任,並非大聯盟想讓大家相信的那樣,他們手上有改善這個制度的方法,不管是否有選秀,
比賽中的不忠不是我們的問題,而是他們的,因為他們才是規則的執行者」
Former MLBPA executive director Tony Clark, who resigned from his post amid scan
dal two months ago, echoed a similar sentiment in March 2025.
前大聯盟球員工會執行董事Tony Clark在2025年3月也表達了類似的看法,他在兩個月前因
醜聞辭職
"At the end of the day, you can't agree to a pre-acuerdo unless a team proposes
one," Clark said then. "That means there's an opportunity to find out who is pro
posing them and make a determination based on that as to how the system needs to
function moving forward. But there's not an interest in doing it, despite knowi
ng that that's happening, and instead default back to a draft, a draft, a draft.
"
Clark當時表示:「歸根結底,沒有球隊提出,就不可能簽署預先協議,這意味著有機會找
出是誰提出的,並據此決定制度未來如何運作,但沒有人有興趣去做這件事,儘管大家知道
這種事正在發生,反而一再回到選秀、選秀、選秀」
Almost all the agreements between teams and players announced at the beginning o
f each international signing period were made verbally years in advance, often l
eaving no paper trail. League officials have long said that a fundamental lack o
f evidence makes imposing penalties on teams for striking pre-deals virtually im
possible. Manfred said the league spends "tens of millions of dollars" annually
to chase wrongdoing -- mostly on drug-testing staff and age-and-identification v
erification, according to a spokesperson. But numerous scouts told ESPN the leag
ue should invest far more resources to investigate pre-deals, at the very least
to thwart teams from continually pursuing them.
幾乎所有在每個國際簽約期開始時公布的球隊與球員協議,都是數年前口頭達成,通常沒有
留下任何書面紀錄,聯盟官員長期以來表示,根本缺乏證據,幾乎無法對達成預先協議的球
隊施加懲罰
Manfred表示,聯盟每年花費「數千萬美元」追查違規行為——大部分用於藥檢人員及年齡
與身分驗證,但多名球探告訴ESPN,聯盟至少應投入更多資源調查預先協議,以阻止球隊持
續追求這種做法
Steroids have historically been readily available over the counter in any Domini
can pharmacy and training facility that possesses the means to access them, rega
rdless of age and without even a doctor's note. Anti-doping programs have been n
onexistent within its numerous baseball leagues.
類固醇歷來在多明尼加的藥局或具備管道的訓練設施中隨處可得,無論年齡大小,甚至不需
要醫生處方,其眾多棒球聯盟中根本沒有反禁藥計畫
Late last summer, Dominican President Luis Abinader enacted the first law that w
ould explicitly prohibit the use of PEDs in the country. It provided a set of pe
nalties -- ranging from five to 20 years of imprisonment and between 10 and 30 t
imes the local minimum wage in fines, in addition to the threat of closing busin
esses and revoking licenses -- for anyone known to have prescribed, administered
or in any way facilitated the use of prohibited controlled substances, includin
g steroids.
去年夏末,多明尼加總統Luis Abinader頒布了該國首部明確禁止使用禁藥(PED)的法律,
該法規定了一系列懲罰——包括5至20年監禁、罰款為當地最低工資的10至30倍,以及關閉
企業和吊銷執照的威脅——針對任何已知處方、施用或以任何方式協助使用包括類固醇在內
的受控禁藥者
The law is scheduled to go into place in August, but whether it ultimately makes
a difference -- a source of considerable doubt given the lack of an established
anti-doping program in the country and the amount of resources required to cond
uct drug testing at that scale -- remains to be seen.
該法律預計於8月生效,但其最終是否能產生效果仍不得而知——考量到國內缺乏完善的反
禁藥計畫,以及進行大規模藥檢所需資源龐大,此點存在相當疑慮
Under MLB's current CBA, players are subject to unlimited, randomized drug tests
after they sign their first pro contracts. But only a limited number must compl
y with tests before then. Those who are designated "Level 2" under the CBA, a te
rm used to describe the top 150 international amateur players based on an intern
al ranking, are subject to random drug tests before signing with a team, accordi
ng to the current CBA.
依據大聯盟現行勞資協議,球員在簽下首份職業合約後,須接受無限次隨機藥檢,但在此之
前僅有限人數需接受藥檢,根據現行協議,被列為「Level 2」的球員——指依內部排名評
定的前150名國際業餘球員——在簽約球隊前也需接受隨機藥檢
There is also mandatory testing through an eight-year-old program in which indep
endent trainers from other countries, including the Dominican Republic, allow ML
B to conduct regular, unannounced drug testing of players in their academies. ML
B says it conducts between 500 and 1,000 unannounced random tests under the prog
ram every year, at times more, while also educating players and their families a
bout the dangers of PEDs.
此外還有一項已有八年歷史的強制性藥檢計畫,由包括多明尼加在內的其他國家獨立訓練師
協助,允許大聯盟對其學院內的球員進行定期、不預告的藥檢,大聯盟表示,每年在此計畫
下執行500至1000次隨機不預告檢測,有時更多,同時也向球員及其家人宣導禁藥危害
League officials tout the positivity rates in the Dominican Summer League, stati
ng it dropped from 6.1% to 2.9% from 2005 to 2006, when MLB began to test and ed
ucate players, and has been below 1% each of the past 13 years. But those same o
fficials acknowledge that it doesn't necessarily speak to amateurs taking steroi
ds before they sign.
聯盟官員強調,多明尼加夏季聯盟的藥檢陽性率,從2005至2006年大聯盟開始測試並教育球
員時,已從6.1%降至2.9%,且過去13年每年均低於1%,但這些官員也承認,這並不代表業餘
球員在簽約前沒有使用類固醇
One international scouting director believes around 80% of those who sign out of
the Dominican Republic are given steroids when they're between the ages of 11 a
nd 13 to attain pre-deals, then start to wean off leading up to when they can of
ficially sign contracts and enter MLB's testing program. An agent who represents
a lot of players from the Dominican Republic believed that number to be too hig
h, instead guessing it might be around 30%. But, he added: "I know it's signific
ant."
一位國際球探主管認為,約有80%的多明尼加簽約球員在11至13歲之間為了取得預先協議而
被給予類固醇,之後才逐步減量,直至他們可以正式簽約並進入大聯盟藥檢計畫
一名代理大量多明尼加球員的經紀人認為這個比例太高,他猜測可能約30%,但他補充說:
「我知道這數字相當可觀」
In a statement to ESPN, MLB said it has "dedicated significant resources to pre-
employment drug testing and education to players in the Dominican Republic and t
hrough Latin America." But league officials also believe little can be done unti
l local law enforcement agencies truly find a way to crack down on the availabil
ity of PEDs in their country. Some of those same Dominican government officials
counter that MLB needs to crack down on teams striking the pre-deals that help t
rigger the use of steroids in the first place. And while MLB counters that an in
ternational draft is the only remedy, the MLBPA fervently disputes it.
大聯盟在向ESPN的聲明中表示,已「投入大量資源於多明尼加及整個拉丁美洲的就業前藥檢
與教育工作」但聯盟官員也認為,在當地執法單位未真正找到方式打擊禁藥流通前,能做的
事非常有限一些多明尼加政府官員則反駁,認為大聯盟應先打擊促使球員使用類固醇的預先
協議,而大聯盟則主張,國際選秀是唯一解方,但球員工會強烈反對
To many, it has become a vicious cycle.
對許多人來說,這已成為一個惡性循環
"It's like they just talk through each other," one international scouting direct
or said. "And like always, these kids get left behind."
一位國際球探主管表示:「就像大家只是互相講話,但完全沒溝通一樣,像往常一樣,這些
孩子被落在後面」
--
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※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Baseball/M.1775618042.A.870.html
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