[外絮] 黃蜂後衛：傳球數據評析
Hornets Guards ---- Passing
黃蜂後衛：傳球數據評析
http://www.atthehive.com/2015/7/30/9072079/hornets-guards-passing
感謝板友eileen86分享，有翻錯請指正。圖片我另外抓出來放，便於手機直接看圖。
First time posting here. Kind of just play with our player stats from last
season, and see what I get.
So the first set of numbers I was looking at are their assists vs.
touches/game.
(players included are guards and small forwards who played at least 5 games
last season and with minimum 10 min/game PT).
首波！讓我們先來看看黃蜂的每場比賽助攻/持球次數比，比較對象為上季至少出賽5場，
且每場至少10分鐘的後衛和小前鋒。
http://tinyurl.com/pffpytj
(圖一)
In general, the more touches a player had, the higher assist they will
generat. The solid line indicated the league average assist number player
generated with their touches. Each circle represent a player, with red ones
are our currently players and blue ones were ex-Hornets played last season.
基本上持球次數愈多，助攻愈多。實線表示聯盟平均助攻數和持球次數間的關係。
每一圓圈代表一位選手，紅色為黃蜂目前球員，藍色為已離隊的蜂蜂。
Players located above the solid line are above league average in generating
assists with their numbers of touches , and players located below the solid
line would be considered under league average.
實線上方為助攻數/持球次數比數值方面高於聯盟平均者，實線下方的球員則低於聯盟平
均。
High lighted yellow are players who touches the ball a lot during a game, and
generates lots of assist. And you will find very familiar names in that
cluster: Chris Paul, John Wall, Stephen Currry, LeBron James, Russell
Westbrook, Rickey Rubio, Ty Lawson, Reggie Jackson. Interesting to see
Michael Carter-Williams in Sixers (labeled green) really only had average
capability in generate assists, but he was leading the league in
touches/game, kind of wondering whether Sixers were just simply trying to
boost his numbers.
黃色醒目為一場比賽中持球次數多且助攻數多者，可以在這一塊發現許多知名球星赫然在
列：CP3、姜牆、咖哩、LBJ、西河、盧小比、泰勞、Reggie Jackson等。值得注意的是綠
標為七六人的MCW，他助攻方面僅在平均值範圍內，但每場比賽持球次數居聯盟之冠，有
點好奇是否因為七六人只是想讓他刷數據
Out of 6 players who had greater than 90 touches per game, Kemba Walker had
the lowest assist number, by a big margin. Kemba had 0.3 ast more per game
than Batum with 30 more touches. With similar touches per game, Westbrook
(labeled orange in the graph) has 8.6 APG, which is 3.5 more than Walker's
5.1 APG.
So why is that, is Kemba Walker a ball hog?
I like to use %pass to sort out ball hogs. I calculated %pass = pass per
game/touches per game*100%. That is a good indication on chances a player
tend to pass out the ball when they touch it.
每場比賽中超過90次持球者有6位，其中Kemba Walker的助攻數遠低於其他人。Kemba每場
較Batum多0.3次助攻而已，但持球次數多了30次。圖中橘色點點是西河，他和坎巴的每場
比賽持其次數相近，助攻數卻達8.6，高於坎巴的5.1。
所以這代表甚麼？我們可以說坎巴是球霸嗎？
我偏好用傳球%來找出球霸們。我的計算方式是每場比賽傳球次數/持球次數*100%，這項
數據可以清楚表示球員一球在手時的傳球傾向。
http://tinyurl.com/oy39os8
(圖二)
The solid line is the league average of all the players who played more than
5 games last season and with > 10 min PT. And the dotted line were indicating
1*SD from the average.
實線為聯盟平均值，計算對象為上季出場至少5場且每場至少10分鐘的所有球員。虛線則
距平均值有1個標準差(1*SD from the average，意思不確定，求解？)
I found this view is a good way to cluster super passer from ball stoppers.
Players with super high pass percentages tend to cluster with players who
promote ball movement, but don't really like to shoot the ball. And players
who have low percentage of passes tend to be volume shooters who likes to
shoot everything. And I did not realize Nick Young pass less than 50% when he
touches the ball.
個人認為這張圖清楚分出了球霸和擅於傳球者。高傳球率的球員們容易推進球，但不太
會真的出手。低傳球率的球員則出手率高，就喜歡射射射。
然後我以前還不太懂尼克羊持球時的傳球率低於50%。
http://tinyurl.com/pyzl9k3
(圖三)
So when we look at the players on Hornets team, first thing I noticed is that
Batum passes a lot, and that also is consistent with his low USG rate of only
14.7% last season.To my surprise, Kemba Walker not only not clustered with
non-passer group, he actually had above average in terms of willingness to
pass the ball. Lin and Mo Williams sit right at the league average there.
Then the question is, why Kemba had low assist when he is a willing passer?
上面這張是黃蜂球員的數據。我注意到的是Batum傳球率高，這也相符於他上季的低USG，
使用率僅14.7%，而出乎意料之外的是，坎巴沒有位於不傳球的球員群之中，全隊傳球意
願也高於平均。
Lin和Mo則差不多等於聯盟平均值。
問題來了：坎巴傳球意願高，怎麼會助攻那麼低呢？
There are two kinds of passes.
1) you use your court vision or play making skills, and you hit an open man,
then that pass results in an assist opportunity or hockey assist.
2) you don't have a good look so you just get rid of the rock either leave
the work to your teammates or you reset and then demand the ball later on, so
that's just a simple pass.
傳球有兩種：
(1) 運用全場視野或戰術技巧，找到空檔球員，那麼這傳球就是一項助攻機會或是接即投
的助攻機會(不確定hockey assist，求解？)
(2) 不需要太好的傳球視野，而只是為了擺脫糾纏，傳球給隊友後再讓他傳回來，這樣就
只是單純的傳球(這句也不太確定，求解？)。
So I calculated Assist opportunity percentage = (assist opportunity +
secondary assist per game)/ pass *100%
This number is a good indication on how active a player is looking for
helping their teammates to score.
因此我計算了助攻機會%，計算方式為(每場比賽助攻機會+二次助攻次數)/傳球次數*100%
。這項數據清楚顯示球員幫助隊友得分的積極度。
http://tinyurl.com/otmnsgj
(圖四)
In this graph, the solid line is the league average and the dotted line are
1*SD from the league average.
Players who has highest assist opportunity% numbers were playmakers who are
good at creating for their teammates. Players clustered with highest AST Opp%
are: (roughly by order: Kobe Bryant, Ty Lawson, James Harden, Chris Paul,
Reggie Jackson, Jameer Nelson, Russell Westbrook, Rajon Rondo, Ricky Rubio,
John Wall, LeBron James, Stephen Curry etc.)
上圖中，實線為聯盟平均，虛線則距平均值有1個標準差。
高助攻機會%者即為所謂的playmaker，擅長為隊友製造機會。高助攻機會者依序大致為
Kobe、泰勞、哈登、CP3、Reggie Jackson、Jameer Nelson、Russell Westbrook、
Rajon Rondo、Ricky Rubio、John Wall、LeBron James、Stephen Curry。
Lin stands out here with way above league average assist opportunity
percentages within this team. Pretty much 1 out of 4 passes is for his
teammates to score. Batum was a bit lower than I anticipated but still above
league average. And Kemba Walker is less active in looking for opportunities
to set up his teammates. He would be below average in PG category, only 18%
of his passes were trying to set his teammates up.
上圖Lin平均助攻機會%可謂名列前茅。傳出去的4球中有1球就是為了隊友投籃。Batum比
我想得低一點，但仍為高於聯盟平均。坎巴在為隊友尋求機會上不是很積極。在PG之間低
於平均，僅有18%是為了幫隊友製造機會。
Last, I look for their assist success rate, which I calculated using
following formula: (AST+FT assist)/assist opportunities*100%
This is an indication on how good a player is in generate looks for their
teammates, and a good play maker would have better success rate, and a not so
good play maker would have lower success rate. (Unfortunately, finishing
capability of teammates could affect this number a lot too, thus that might
need to take into consideration when player were compared across different
teams.)
最後，我用下面公式計算他們的助攻成功率：(助攻+ FT assist 罰球助攻?/助攻機會
*100%
這數據能表示球員為隊友製造機會的積極度，通常一位好的playmaker的成功率也較高，
反之亦然。
但當然隊友的finish能力會大幅影響這項數據，所以比較各隊之間時必須考量此點。
http://tinyurl.com/pd2daek
(圖五)
Again, the solid line indicate the league average, and dotted line indicated
1SD from league average.
Batum is really good in terms of assist success rate, and Lin is above
average too. Kemba Walker was below
average there.
同樣地圖中實線為聯盟平均，虛線則距平均值有1個標準差。
Batum助攻成功率極出色，Lin也是水準之上。坎巴則低於平均。
So, looks like Walker, Batum and Lin are all willing passers, with Batum and
Lin being better play makers on this team. Lin is more active in looking for
opportunities to set up his teammates, and Batum somehow generate better
looks to have better success rate. Other guards are not much play makers on
this team unfortunately.
結論上來說，目前黃蜂隊內坎巴、Batum和Lin傳球意願高。Lin是出色的playmaker，且積
極為隊友製造機會，Batum則助攻成功率高。不幸的是其他蜂蜂後衛都不算playmaker。
Looking forward to see Walker/Batum, Walker/Lin Batum/Lin pairing in game
situation, and I would really like to see all three of them on court
together, could be a really dynamic line up with three ball handlers, two
play makers on the floor, would be fun to watch.
我很期待看到日後比賽中Walker/Batum、Walker/Lin和Batum/Lin等搭配，
甚至期待三位同時上場的情形，因為有兩位playmaker在場，想必會打得活力四射、
趣味橫生~
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